5 min read
First Nations Program Staff

Understanding OCAP® Principles

A practical guide to Ownership, Control, Access, and Possession of First Nations data.

Overview

What is OCAP®?

OCAP® is a set of standards that establish how First Nations data should be collected, protected, used, or shared. They are the gold standard for respecting First Nations data sovereignty.

“OCAP® reflects First Nations’ commitments to use and manage information in a way that brings benefit to the community while minimizing any possible harm.”

The Core Concepts

The Four Principles

O

Ownership

The relationship of a First Nation to its cultural knowledge, data, and information.

C

Control

The right of First Nations to seek control over all aspects of research and information management.

A

Access

The right of First Nations to have access to information and data about themselves.

P

Possession

The physical control of data, ensuring it is held by First Nations people and their organizations.

O

Ownership

Refer to the relationship of First Nations to their cultural knowledge, data, and information.

What it means

In practice

Program Staff Tip

Ensure your organization's policies explicitly recognize community ownership of program data.

Implementation

Self-Assessment Checklist

Use these checkpoints to review how your program aligns with OCAP® principles.

Ownership

Do we acknowledge community ownership in all agreements?
Is the community aware of what data we collect?
Are protocols in place for cultural knowledge?
Progress 0 / 3

Control

Does the community approve research designs?
Is there a community-led data oversight board?
Are reporting processes community-approved?
Progress 0 / 3

Access

Can community members view their own data easily?
Are data reports accessible to community leaders?
Do we have a protocol for data requests?
Progress 0 / 3

Possession

is data stored on community-controlled servers?
Do we have physical control over data backups?
Is data stewardship legally defined?
Progress 0 / 3